Physicists Determine The Statistics Of Quantum Entanglement

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When two observers measure an entangled state, the frequencies of their observed results manifest the strength of quantum theory. Extreme values governing these statistics have now been successfully identified. Credit: Jean-Daniel BancalWhen two observers measure an entangled state, the frequencies of their observed results manifest the strength of quantum theory. Extreme values governing these statistics have now been successfully identified. Credit: Jean-Daniel Bancal

Institut de Physique Théorique du CEA Saclay 

March 26, 2025

For the first time, scientists have completely determined the statistics that can be generated by a system using quantum entanglement.

The achievement paves the way for exhaustive test procedures for quantum devices.

The study by theoretical physicists from the Institute of Theoretical Physics (IPhT) in Paris-Saclay is published in the journal Nature Physics.

After the advent of transistors, lasers and , the entanglement of quantum objects -- as varied as photons, electrons and superconducting circuits -- is at the heart of a second quantum revolution, with  and quantum computing in sight.

What's involved? Two objects prepared together in a quantum state—two horizontally or vertically polarized photons, for example—retain the memory of their common origin, even if they are moved far apart from each other. When the quantum state of the two entangled objects is measured—their polarization, in the proposed example—a distinct correlation is observed between the measurement results.

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READ MORE: Phys.org